Satellite-based remote sensing enables the continuous and increasingly accurate observation of objects on Earth. Its potential applications range from resource management in agriculture and forestry, through the collection of environmental data, mapping and planning of settlements and infrastructure, to disaster management. Great potential is also anticipated for developing countries, as the benefits of remote sensing (largely autonomous, systematic data collection from hard-to-reach areas) can be particularly effective there. Given increasing environmental and social problems (desertification, erosion, urban development), it seems likely that its importance will grow in developing countries. The TAB report outlines the state of the art and current applications in Africa. It focuses on the opportunities available to industrialised nations on the one hand, and the scientific and technical capacities of African countries on the other. The analysis of the potential for improved use of remote sensing in developing countries examines which organisational structures at national and international level are suitable for enhancing its application in these countries. As a key promoter, sponsor and regulator of technological development and application, the state has a wide range of options for action, including the cooperative expansion of satellite infrastructure, improvements in data access, the strengthening of African initiatives by European organisations, specific partnerships with selected countries, and the establishment and expansion of technology transfer programmes accompanied by evaluation procedures.