Monkeypox is a viral illness caused by a monkeypox virus. Common symptoms of monkeypox are a skin rash or mucosal lesions which can last 2–4 weeks accompanied by fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes. Monkeypox can be transmitted to humans through physical contact with someone who is infectious, with contaminated materials, or with infected animals. The disease can be treated with supportive care (treatment primarily to alleviate symptoms, antiviral drugs or vaccination). The first case in Luxembourg was discovered on June 15th 2022.