As a comprehensive process of social change, digitalisation is also transforming institutions across the various sectors of education. For over two decades, education policy-makers, researchers and the public have been engaging with ‘new media’, whose significance in education and training continues to grow. Computers, tablets, smartphones and the like enable the comprehensive provision, storage and dissemination of this data. Access to these modern digital tools and the ability to use them are essential prerequisites for social and professional participation. At the same time, however, skills in handling digital media and critical reflection on their use are difficult to assess, and their significance for learning effectiveness has not yet been directly demonstrated. Nevertheless, there is often a policy imperative to formulate requirements for media literacy as a cross-cutting competence across all stages of personal development and educational settings. This is another reason why fundamental questions arise regarding the impact of the ‘omnipresence’ of digital media on the performance of the education and training system, its equality of opportunity and its capacity for integration. The report summarises the relevant scientific findings on the scope and consequences of the diverse applications of new types of digital media in the education sector and for teaching and learning methods. It identifies the necessary framework conditions for the use of new digital media across various educational contexts, ensuring their full potential is realised. At the same time, it identifies obstacles and challenges to the use of digital media in the education sector and outlines the necessary conditions and opportunities for overcoming them.