Genome editing refers to the latest variant of genetic engineering, including the CRISPR-Cas9 tool, the discovery of which was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2020. The application of genome editing in humans raises hopes for new medical therapies. But possible heritable interventions in the human germline also pose fundamental ethical questions. The new TAB report (TAB-Arbeitsbericht Nr. 191) provides an up-to-date interdisciplinary overview of the broad debate on human genome editing. The policy brief TAB-Fokus no. 30 features the key findings.