Since Elon Musk's Concept Paper in 2013, several industrial projects for Hyperloops, pressurized capsules circulating in a vacuum tube, are under development. They make three promises: extremely high speed (over 1,000 kph), a smaller ecological footprint, and low cost. Progress on this new mode of transport is fast but the challenges are immense: technology, the economic model, environmental impact and regional planning. While this technology has yet to prove its worth, it should not be ignored by companies or public authorities for its stakes in terms of research, intellectual property, regulation or economic and human potential.