Voluntarily prolonging the wakefulness hours is currently a common practice within the population. This is in part due to a lack of awareness of its consequences. In addition to those who voluntarily restrict their sleep, certain workers such as medical doctors, pilots, drivers or those at night-shifts are specially likely to suffer partial sleep deprivation due to the prolonged or unusual working hours. Partial sleep deprivation can impair cognitive performance and have other detrimental effects on health. There is plenty of opportunity for developing new and better public policies and improve current legislation.